Happy Adoptees
By Julie A. Rist
I am not the happy and grateful adoptee that you want me to be.
Don’t get me wrong. I was happy and grateful for almost 45 years
– or so I believed. Had you asked me then how I felt about being
adopted, you might have heard something like, “Great! I am so
grateful to my (adoptive) parents for all they did and, no, I am not
interested in finding my ‘real’ family. My adoptive family is my
‘real’ family, thankyouverymuch, and they are a wonderful family.
I’ve had a wonderful life. Of course, I am grateful to my natural
mother for giving me life. Oh, you’re adopting? How
wonderful!”
I enthusiastically expressed that view all those years because I needed
to convince myself that my life was normal and right and that I was
okay. I did it because everyone else wanted me to feel that way,
too. And I thought I would die if I ever looked deeper.
Happy children
You’ve seen adopted children who seem to be perfectly happy, too.
They smile and have fun just like those whose families are
intact. They act happy and, occasionally, they are.
Yes, adopted children smile and laugh. Did you stop smiling after
you lost a loved one? Didn’t you still laugh when someone said
something funny? Weren’t you still capable of having some
fun?
Did you ever smile and act happy to hide your grief?
Of course you did. But even when you smiled, those close to you
knew it didn’t mean you were happy. Those close to you accepted
and expected your pain and sadness. They did not expect you to be
happy about your loss. They gave you something most adoptees do
not get: acknowledgement of, empathy for, and permission to express
your grief.
What grief?
In the early ‘50s when I was adopted, little was known about the power
of the bond between mother and child. Society still accepted
Locke’s theory of tabula rasa – that we are born as blank slates.
John Locke died in 1704, yet his theory survived until the mid-
50s. Now, however, we know that even before birth babies are
intelligent, remembering and aware beings with their own
personalities.
We know that much of who we are today was created in the womb. We know
that mother and child are a single entity, profoundly connected
physiologically, emotionally and spiritually – even through early
infancy. A baby does not understand that he or she is an
individual until at least 9 months after birth.
Through their research, authorities have determined that, when the
mother/child entity is split, it causes an acute and lasting trauma in
both mother and child. The repercussions are ominous and
tenacious. Though they become buried deep inside, the
repercussions follow both mother and child throughout the remainder of
their lives.
It is difficult, emotionally, to imagine a tiny baby’s very real
feelings about the loss of his or her mother -- the terror of losing
all that is familiar, all that is comfort – the unique heartbeat,
scent, taste, voice, rhythms and vibrations. Babies are born
needing and expecting these familiar things which only their natural
mothers can provide.
Even with this knowledge which has accumulated over the past 20 years,
there remain those in our society who sever the mother/child entity as
casually as they would cut a common earthworm in two.
Ignored trauma is another trauma
A child’s first experience in the adoptive family is usually joining in
everyone else’s happiness over his or her tragedy. The child’s
first trauma is ignored or dismissed, perhaps in the belief that enough
love will make it disappear. It will not. In essence, the
adoptee is expected to dance along with everyone else on his or her own
mother’s virtual grave. Most experts in the fields of adoption
psychology and trauma consider this dismissal to be the adoptee’s
second trauma.
The first and second traumas are the root causes for a number of issues
and for additional traumas, which accumulate one upon another (what
Betty Jean Lifton calls “Cumulative Trauma”).
We may not want to imagine these things because it is uncomfortable to
do so but, to act in a child’s best interest including protecting his
or her emotional health, we need to suffer through such discomfort.
Denial
Over 14 years ago, I began 9 years in therapy, struggling with a
boatload of issues that are utterly classic in adoptees. I didn’t
accomplish much. The problem was that I did not connect them with
my adoption experience. In all fairness, my therapist encouraged
me to recognize the connection, but I was so deep in “De Nile” that I
could not see it – indeed would not see it. I needed too
desperately (like most of society) to believe that my adoption
experience was the positive part of my life – not the source of my
problems.
Denial is powerful and, in many ways, a gift. It is a state we
create in order to avoid feeling the pain of seeing the truth.
When a baby’s world is gone, he or she does whatever it takes to
survive. If the child does not get empathy and permission to
grieve, he or she has no choice but to psychologically deny the
trauma. And that includes smiling to hide the grief. The
child begins to believe that his or her feelings are unimportant – even
wrong. The child learns how not to feel.
I do not use the word “denial” in a damning or judgmental way. It
is a normal and natural human survival tool. I not only
acknowledge it but, knowing intimately the pain that comes with
shedding that denial, I am reticent to nudge others out of it.
Denial can be a trauma victim’s most effective tool for survival,
because revisiting the event that caused the trauma can feel literally
life threatening.
The downside of denial unfortunately outweighs the upside. Denial
prevents us from understanding and effectively managing all the issues
that stem from the disintegration of the mother/child entity.
What are the most common issues?
Identity
Issues of the adoptee are barely acknowledged by society and then only
in those who are of a different race than the adoptive family – as if
physical differences are the only ones that matter. But there are
reasons why we see repetitive generations of lawyers, healers,
scholars, actors, artists, etc. in natural families. It is not
just a matter of continuing a family business or tribal
tradition. It is a matter of like characteristics being
perpetuated, generation after generation, being nurtured by genetic
mirroring.
Even if we are not transracial or biracial adoptees, we still do not
get the genetic mirroring that we so desperately need. We don’t
know how tall we’ll get, or whether our hair will get darker or
lighter, our skin clearer, our bodies thinner or thicker. We
don’t know who we’ll look like when we’re older. Our own natural
characteristics are unfamiliar, so we don’t know what we should or
should not choose to develop.
Although such things may seem inconsequential to those around us, they
are monumental to us, and serve to make us feel even more alienated,
more lost.
When an adoptee’s characteristics do not fit those of the adoptive
family (or the extended adoptive family), there can be trouble.
In my case art, writing and psychology were all frowned upon by my
adoptive family. Yet those characteristics run happily in my
natural family. Though my adoptive parents meant well, I grew up
feeling like a bad seed. Out of desperation for approval, I
pursued career paths that I thought would please them but even those
successes were never enough to overcome their disappointment.
Carrying the surname of someone else’s family also contributes to
identity problems. The child is expected to embrace the adoptive
family’s ancestry, as if his or her own is immaterial -- as if living
in the dark is no big deal.
Low self-esteem
Identity issues can explain some low self-esteem, a classic adoptee
problem. Another cause is some adoptive parents’ – and society’s
– (unmistakable yet unspoken) low opinion of the stereotypical
“birthmother.” Not only is this an unfair and incorrect judgment
about our mothers, but adopted children incorporate these attitudes
into their own self-image.
Along with this message, adopted children are often told that,
essentially, their mothers loved them so much that they gave them
away. This makes no sense. If my mother really loved me
that much, she would have kept me -- therefore there must be something
wrong with me. This creates low self-esteem.
Low self-esteem leads to people-pleasing. Adoptees are exemplary
people-pleasers. That is why we so often appear to be happy and
are pleasant to be around. Lots of smiling! Our original
purpose as adoptees was to fulfill the desires of others, to make them
happy. Early on, our authentic selves are sacrificed to fill
those needs.
Powerlessness and control
For many adoptees, it is easy to fall into despair and feel powerless
over circumstances that emotionally healthy people can overcome with
relative ease. This is rooted in our separation experience, when
we felt powerless, helpless and hopeless. Paradoxically, we can
become obsessed with controlling other parts of our lives, those things
and events that we can control. This is conflict waiting to
happen.
Depression
Often, depression can come from the sheer exhaustion of maintaining
pretense (being in denial). No matter how much love and care we
are given, the truth is that we are (and will always be) someone else’s
children. Yet we exhaust ourselves emotionally, pretending
otherwise because we believe it will ensure our survival and prevent
another abandonment.
We also expend a lot of energy fantasizing about our natural mothers,
and a lot of energy burying our authentic selves in favor of
people-pleasing. All these things take a great deal of energy yet
offer little reward -- fertile ground for depression.
Trust
One of our most common problems is that of trust. The original
disintegration of the mother/child entity can literally destroy a
baby’s nascent sense of trust. Once lost, it can never be
recovered. Only a tentative sense of trust can be painstakingly
built by the adoptive family, yet it will always be difficult and
sometimes impossible. Again paradoxically, we tend to casually
trust anyone and everyone. It is when deep trust is required, as
in intimacy, we tend to fall short.
Abandonment
Abandonment is the most common issue of the adoptee. Despite the
true circumstances of the separation from our natural mothers, we
experienced this emotionally as abandonment. Even with later
knowledge of those circumstances, the early emotional experience of
abandonment never leaves us. Relationship troubles abound.
Other issues such as trust, identity, low self-esteem and control
compound these troubles.
Many people have abandonment issues. For adoptees, however,
abandonment is not just painful. It can feel like annihilation.
“Only eyes washed by tears can see clearly.” – Louis Mann
Staying in denial, while it may be a refuge, hurts everyone
involved. Although seeing the truth also hurts, don’t parentless
children deserve what they truly need? How can society continue
pretending that the smiles are genuine simply because it is easier than
acknowledging the underlying problems?
For those who genuinely care about these children and want to take that
first step toward seeing clearly, start with one of Betty Jean Lifton’s
books, such as Journey of the Adopted Self or Nancy Verrier’s The
Primal Wound. They offer insight into the issues of adoptees,
adoptive parents, and of mothers who have lost children to
adoption. Such knowledge and understanding can open our minds and
hearts to alternatives that are even better than adoption.
Smiles as masks
Despite all these traumas and issues, adoptees smile. We smile to
hide a world of hurt that neither we nor the rest of the world want to
face. We smile because the world needs us to smile. They
need to believe they are doing the right thing for us, to forget those
silly “issues,” and call us “happy.” By smiling, we help them do
that.
Next time you encounter a “happy” and “grateful” adoptee who had
“wonderful” adoptive parents and a “wonderful” life, look a little
closer.
Ms. Rist is an artist, writer, and adoption alternatives activist
living in Phoenix.
Article by J. A. Rist © Copyright 2002, 2003. All
rights reserved.
Please email the owner of this website for permission to reproduce this
article.
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